Unitary states have most of the power of the in one central government, while smaller administrative regions will rule according to what the central government. Most nations of the world today are structured in as a unitary state. Most of Africa, Asia, Europe are structured this way, same with most countries in Latin America. Not all unitary states require their regions to be completely submissive. Most unitary states tend to have a similar ethnicity among the people, like Japan. For example before Crimea was annexed by Russia, it was an autonomous government that was part of Ukraine, which is a unitary state. Another example is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The United Kingdom is composed of 4 different regions, England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland and each region has some degree of autonomy, but over all have to follow what the central government passes.
The other type of government structure is a federation, which here in the US we should be familiar with. These include countries like the United States, Mexico, Canada, Brazil, Argentina, Germany, Russia, Ethiopia, Somalia, India, Malaysia, and much more. This type of government structure have the power split between local governments and the central government or the Federal government. The two governments have to balance each other. Most federations tend to have a wide range of ethnicity within them like India, and the US.
As time continues it can be easy to say that more and more nations might be moving to federations to run for their government structure. This is because people in certain regions that feel like they do not fit with the rest of the nation and want more autonomy and to make their own decisions. But the degree on how much power local governments have in a federation can be debated. For example looking at United States history, it can be seen that over time the federal government received more power.
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